Chevreul is one of the 72 famous French scientists whose names are inscribed on the Eiffel Tower in Paris. It was not until 1815 that Michel Eugène Chevreul (1786-1889) rediscovered it and named the compound "cholesterine". As his work was never published, attribution and dating are known only roughly, quoted by Pierre-Joseph Macquer (1718-1784) and Felix Vicq-d'Azyr (1748-1794). Some ten years before, he isolated crystals from cholesterol for the first time.
François Poulletier de la Salle (1719-1788) first identified solid cholesterol in gallstones in 1769. In 1665, Robert Boyle (1627-1691), as in “the law of”, discovered a fat transport system in animals. The relationship with lipids is much younger. In vertebrates, hepatic cells produce the greatest amounts.Ītherosclerosis has been present for more than 4,000 years. Cholesterol is an essential structural component of all cell membranes, and a precursor of vitamin D. This nucleus can be modified using various side chains to form cholesterol, cholic acid (the base of bile acids) and many steroid hormones. The basic structure of this organic molecule is a sterol nucleus, synthesised from multiple molecules of acetyl-coA (Figure 1). The word cholesterol consists of chole (bile) and stereos (solid), followed by the chemical suffix -ol for alcohol. Following earlier historical papers on the aortic valve and Soldier’s heart, this paper will tell you the story of lipids and its many Nobel prizes. However, they might be unaware of the interesting moments in time when cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors were discovered, of drug developments or the history of diet and lipids. Checking lipid values and prescribing lipid-lowering drugs is core business for cardiologists.
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